Zoscillation of mean charges of energetic ions emerging from a carbon foil: Correlation with the shell structure of ions

Abstract
Equilibrium mean charges of ions passing through a carbon foil were observed to oscillate vs projectile atomic number Z at ion energies 0.55, 1, and 2 MeV/u. The maxima of the oscillation take place for closed-shell ions having the electrons in mean number Z-q¯=10 and 28.

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