Deep MMT Transit Survey of the Open Cluster M37. II. Variable Stars

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Abstract
We have conducted a deep (15 r 23), 20 night survey for transiting planets in the intermediate-age (~550 Myr) open cluster M37 (NGC 2099) using the Megacam wide-field mosaic CCD camera on the 6.5 m MMT. In this paper we present a catalog and light curves for 1445 variable stars; 1430 (99%) of these are new discoveries. We have discovered 20 new eclipsing binaries and 31 new short-period (P < 1 day ) pulsating stars. The bulk of the variables are most likely rapidly rotating young low-mass stars, including a substantial number (500) that are members of the cluster. We identify and analyze five particularly interesting individual variables, including a previously identified variable that we suggest is probably a hybrid γ Doradus/δ Scuti pulsator, two possible quiescent cataclysmic variables, a detached eclipsing binary (DEB) with at least one γ Doradus pulsating component (only the second such variable found in an eclipsing binary), and a low-mass (MP ~ MS ~ 0.6 M☉) DEB that is a possible cluster member. A preliminary determination of the physical parameters for the DEB+γ Doradus system yields MP = 1.58 ± 0.04 M☉, MS = 1.58 ± 0.04 M☉, RP = 1.39 ± 0.07 R☉, and RS = 1.38 ± 0.07 R☉.