Biological Activities of Lipopolysaccharide Fractionated by Preparative Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

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Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from a smooth strain of Salmonella minnesota was fractionated into 2 major fractions and 1 intermediate fraction by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The top fraction evidently was mainly long O-side chain LPS and the bottom fraction was O-side chainless LPS. The middle fraction was a mixture of both short O-side chain LPS and O-side chainless LPS. The antigenic properties and biological activities were not altered in this fractionation procedure. Comparison of the biological activities of the top fraction with those of the bottom fraction revealed that the bottom fraction had higher activity in polyclonal B-cell activation and spleen-swelling effect and that there was no significant difference in adjuvant activity, ability to render macrophages cytotoxic, induction of colony-stimulating factor and the ability to induce the Shwartzmann reaction. The O-side chain apparently makes no contribution to the latter biological activities including adjuvant activity of S. minnesota LPS.

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