Characterization of electron traps in n+ indium tin oxide on p-type InP solar cells

Abstract
Three electron traps in n+ Indium Tin Oxide on p‐type InP solar cells have been analyzed for the first time by Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy technique. These traps are located in the p‐InP part of the solar cells. Their thermal signatures are E1 (320 meV, σ∼10−13 cm2), E2 (520 meV, σ∼10−9 cm2) and E3 (475 meV, σ∼10−13 cm3). Comparisons are made with previous data obtained on ‐type InP.