Gastroprotective Effect of Red Pigments in Black Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa Elliot) on Acute Gastric Hemorrhagic Lesions in Rats

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Abstract
It has been reported that the fruits and leaves of berries such as the blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry contain a high level of scavenging activity for chemically generated active oxygen species. This study investigated the antioxidative activities of black chokeberry fruit (Aronia melanocarpa Elliot) both in vitro and in vivo using the DPPH stable radical and rats with ethanol-induced gastric injury, respectively. The red pigment fraction of the black chokeberry contained three main components, one of which was identified as cyanidin 3-O-β-glucoside by HPLC analysis and 1H NMR. The black chokeberry red pigment fraction scavenged >44% of DPPH radicals at a concentration of 25 μg/mL compared to the control solution. The black chokeberry extract and its hydrolysate administrated at 2 g/kg of body weight each had nearly the same protective effect as quercetin administrated at 100 mg/kg of body weight in suppressing the area of gastric mucosal damage caused by the subsequent application of ethanol to 50 = 30 mg/kg of body weight). Keywords: Black chokeberry; anthocyanin; acute gastric hemorrhagic lesions; antioxidant