Structure and Activity of Insulin, XV. Further Evidence for the Importance of Arginine Residue B 22 in the Activity of Insulin. Semisyntheses of Despentapeptide-(B 26 - 30)-Insulins Varied in B 22 Using Desnonapeptide-(B 22 - 30)-Insulin and Tetrapeptides

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Abstract
Insulin hexamethyl ester was digested by trypsin. The resulting desoctapeptide-(B23-30)-insulin pentamethyl ester was purified. This compound was digested by carboxypeptidase B to remove the arginine residue B22 at the end of the B chain. Then the N-terminal amino groups of the remaining desnonapeptide-(B22-30)-insulin pentamethyl ester were protected with the Boc residue. The free carboxyl group of the glutamic acid residue B21 of this product was coupled to the following synthetic tetrapeptide esters: Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe-OMe, Lys(Boc)-Gly-Phe-Phe-OMe, Orn(Boc)-Gly-Phe-Phe-OMe, Cit-Gly-Phe-Phe-OMe, Ala-Gly-Phe-Phe-OMe and Gly-Gly-Phe-Phe-OMe. The syntheses of these peptide esters are described. After removal of all protecting groups, despentapeptide-insulin (B22-Arg) and analogs of this product with variation in position B22 could be obtained. They were purified by column chromatography. The biological activities of these components were determined by mouse bioassay. In the case of despentapeptide insulin (C-terminus Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe), the activity rose to the expected value of 34%. The insulin variants with amino acid residues other than arginine in position B22 had much lower activities: with lysine 13%, with ornithine 12%, with citrulline 9%, with alanine 8% and with glycine 6%.