Extrapolation of Heterocyclic Amine Carcinogenesis Data from Rodents and Nonhuman Primates to Humans

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Abstract
Studies investigating the role of diet in the etiology of human cancer have generally been concerned with calories, macro molecules (fat and fiber), food additives or pesticides. More recently investigators have studied the role that naturally occurring compounds such as hydrazines in mushrooms, acquilide A/ptaquiloside in bracken fern, or fungal contaminants such as aflatoxin Bi, sterigmatocystin or fusariums may contribute to the causation of human cancer (Adamson and Thorgeirsson 1995, Sugimura, 1995). Following the report by Sugimura and coworkers of mutagenic compounds in pyrolytic products of broiled foods (Sugimura et ai., 1977) numerous investigators in Japan, Europe, Australia and the United States of America have contributed to the identification, isolation and characterization of the biological properties of another class of mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds now known as heterocyclic amines (HCAs). These studies have been summarized in several reviews (Adamson 1990, Eisenbrand and Tang 1993, Felton and Knize 1990, Sugimura and Wakabayashi 1990, and Sugimura, 1995). Recently the 23rd International Symposium of the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research has published a number of important contributions concerning the chemical, biological and epidemiological studies of the HCAs (Adamson et.al. eds. 1995). This paper will present HCA data concerning in vitro mutagenicity, amount in cooked foods, activation by various species, carcinogenicity in animals, epidemiological studies and assessment of the carcinogenic risk of HCAs to humans.

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