Species richness of Macrolepidoptera on Finnish deciduous trees and shrubs

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Abstract
Species richness of Macrolepidoptera on Finnish trees and shrubs was analysed by means of stepwise regression analysis. The explaining variables were plant frequency, geographical range, plant height, number of relatives and leaf size. Total frequency of the host plant, which correlated strongly with range, explained 57% of the observed variance of lepidopteran species richness on deciduous trees and shrubs. Height of plant and number of relatives explained significantly the residual variation and altogether these three variables explained 71% of the variance of species richness. Analyses at the plant genus level gave similar results and frequency, height and number of relatives explained 78% of the variance of species richness of Macrolepidoptera on deciduous plant genera. When conifers were included in the analysis leaf size also becomes a significant variable. Leaf size can, however, act as a dummy variable which effectively distinguishes conifers from deciduous trees. The validity of different models explaining herbivore species richness on plants is discussed. The results of this study favoured more than earlier studies the importance of relatedness of host plants as a factor which determines the species richness of herbivores.