Convergence in Protected Area Policy: A Comparison of the Russian Zapovednik and American Wilderness Systems

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Abstract
Russian and American wildland preservation systems began at the end of the nine teenth century and have evolved legally and philosophically along parallel but different courses . The Russian scientific / preservationist community worked within a totalitarian , corporatist state , which resulted in the research - oriented zapovednik system of preserves . The American romantic / preservationist movement worked within the confines and liberties of a democratic , pluralist society , which resulted in the recreation - oriented wilderness system . The authors propose that the two systems remained fundamentally distinct from 1919 until the 1970s , but since the mid 1970s , the policy goals and content of the two nations have been converging . This analysis describes convergence theory , reviews the history of zapovednik and wilderness policy , presents the evidence of convergence , and then explains the processes of convergence in protected area policy . The authors conclude that con vergence theory helps policy analysts understand the process of two dissimilar countries adopting similar policy goals and content .

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