Osteoporosis and Inflammation
Top Cited Papers
- 28 June 2008
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Nutrition Reviews
- Vol. 65 (s3) , S147-S151
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00353.x
Abstract
Osteoporosis represents a major healthcare burden, affecting approximately 10 million people aged over 50 years in the United States and with another 30 million or more at risk. One of the major contributing factors to osteoporosis is withdrawal of estrogen during menopause in women. Human and animal experiments have implicated pro-inflammatory cytokines as primary mediators of the accelerated bone loss at menopause including interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6. Increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is associated with osteoclastic bone resorption in a number of disease states including rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, and multiple myeloma; estrogen withdrawal is associated with increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and exposure of bone cultures to supernatants from activated leukocytes is associated with increased bone resorption. A major advance has been the discovery of RANKL, its receptor RANK, and the endogenous inhibitor osteoprotegerin. The binding of RANKL to RANK is essential for the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts and mediates the actions of essentially all known stimulators of osteoclastic bone resorption. RANKL expression is heightened in post- compared with pre-menopausal women, and this effect is attenuated by estrogen replacement therapy. RANKL is also a therapeutic target; a human antibody with high specificity and affinity to RANKL is currently under clinical evaluation for the treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women and of metastatic bone disease in cancer patients with bone metastasis. Early data are promising.Keywords
This publication has 54 references indexed in Scilit:
- The RANK/RANKL/OPG triad in cancer-induced bone diseasesCancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2006
- Effects of Conjugated Equine Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women With HysterectomyJAMA, 2004
- Multiple MyelomaHematology-American Society Hematology Education Program, 2002
- Pathogenesis of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritisCurrent Opinion in Rheumatology, 2000
- IL-17 in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a potent stimulator of osteoclastogenesisJournal of Clinical Investigation, 1999
- RANK Is the Essential Signaling Receptor for Osteoclast Differentiation Factor in OsteoclastogenesisBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1998
- Interleukin-11: a new cytokine critical for osteoclast development.Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1994
- Increased Osteoclast Development After Estrogen Loss: Mediation by Interleukin-6Science, 1992
- An interleukin 1 like factor stimulates bone resorption in vitroNature, 1983
- Bone Resorbing Activity in Supernatant Fluid from Cultured Human Peripheral Blood LeukocytesScience, 1972