Trends in the Rural-Urban Distribution of General Pediatricians

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Abstract
Objective. To assess the usefulness of laboratory parameters, including peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and microscopic urinalysis (UA), for identifying febrile infants younger than 8 weeks of age at risk for urinary tract infection (UTI), and comparison of standard UA and hemocytometer WBC counts for predicting the presence of UTI. Methods. A total of 162 febrile children Results. There were 22 positive urine culture results of at least 100 colony-forming unit/mL. Eighteen of these 22 patients were males, and all were uncircumcised. There were significant differences for pyuria ≧5 WBCs/hpf, pyuria ≧10 WBC/μL, CRP >20 mg/L, and ESR >30 mm/hour between culture-positive and culture-negative groups (P < .05). The ROC area for hemocytometer WBC count, standard UA, peripheral WBC count, ESR, and CRP concentration were .909 ± .045, .791 ± .065, .544 ± .074, .787 ± .060, and .822 ± .036, respectively. The ROC curve analysis indicates that the CRP, ESR, and standard UA were powerful but imperfect tools with which to discriminate for UTI in potentially infected neonates. Hemocytometer WBC counts had the highest sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and likelihood ratios for identifying very young infants with positive urine culture results. For all assessments, hemocytometer WBC counts were significantly different, compared with the standard urinalysis. ESR, CRP, and peripheral WBC counts were not helpful in identifying UTI in febrile infants. Conclusion. UTI had a prevalence of 13.6% in febrile infants <8 weeks of age. The CRP, ESR, and standard UA were imperfect tools in discriminating for UTI, and the sensitivity of these laboratory parameters was relatively low. Hemocytometer WBC count was a significantly better predictor of UTI in febrile infants.

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