Ex VivoProgramming of Antigen-Presenting B Lymphocytes: Considerations on DNA Uptake and Cell Activation

Abstract
Plasmids used in DNA vaccination not only serve as a source of antigen, but also have an important adjuvant effect. This review focuses on recent advancements made in understanding how cells internalize DNA, and how internalized DNA activates immune response pathways. We also comment on the role of B cells in both of these processes.