Clinical pharmacology of torasemide, a new loop diuretic

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Abstract
Torasemide is a new loop diuretic that potentially may have renal tubular effects from both the blood and urinary sides of the nephron. We assessed its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in eight normal subjects administering intravenous doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg compared with 40 mg furosemide. We assessed the effect of probenecid on response to the 20 mg dose. A dose intermediate to the 10 and 20 mg doses appeared equally natriuretic to 40 mg furosemide. Although total clerance was the same with all doses (about 0.45 ml/min/kg), renal clearance and the fraction of unchanged drug appearing in the urine decreased with higher doses raising the question of saturable renal secretion. Urinary dose-response curves showed torasemide to be five times as potent as furosemide. Probenecid pretreatment decreased both urine volume (P = 0.0016) and sodium excretion (P = 0.0003), implying that delivery of drug to the urinary side of the nephron is the major determinant of response.