Influence of Cholera Toxin (an Adenylate Cyclase Activator) on Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis of Bovine Mammary Tissue In Vitro and in Athymic Nude Mice

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Abstract
Bovine mammary tissue from midpregnant heifers was placed in explant culture to which chlorea toxin (a potent adenylate cyclase activator) was added (0 to 100 ng/ml). chlorea toxin increased incorporation of thymidine into DNA in the cultures; response was maximum with 10 ng/ml chlorea toxin and approximately 24 h after addition of cholera toxin. In other studies, bovine mammary tissue was transplanted subcutaneously to ovariectomized athymic nude mice. Subsequent treatment of the mice with cholear toxin alone did not affect growth of bovine mammary tissue. However, treatment with estradiol plus progesterone increased DNA synthesis is epithelial cells. In estradiol toxin injections further increased DNA synthesis. In addition, estradiol plus progesterone treatment in vivo (in athymic nude mice) increased DNA synthesis of bovine mammary tissue in responses to cholera toxin in vitro. This synergism between cholera toxin and ovarian steriods may have been mediated, at least in part, by estradiol plus progesterone induction of cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase, as the activity of this enzyme was increased by estradiol plus progesterone.