Low electrode induced optical losses in organic active single layer polyfluorene waveguides with two indium tin oxide electrodes deposited by pulsed laser deposition

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Abstract
We demonstrate that 20nm thick indium tin oxide (ITO) layers deposited by pulsed laser deposition present sheet resistance as low as 130Ω∕◻ and very uniform morphology, with an average roughness of about 0.4nm, and peak-to-valley roughness as low as 8.2nm. This good uniformity allowed us to realize a single layer polyfluorene active waveguide with both top and bottom ITO electrodes showing clear amplified spontaneous emission and electrode induced losses as low as 3.0cm−1. We investigated the effects of hole injection in the ASE intensity concluding that complete gain suppression due to polaron absorption would take place for current density of about 360mAcm−2.