Effects of Diethylstilbestrol and Estramustine Phosphate on Serum Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and Testosterone Levels in Prostate Cancer Patients

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Abstract
Serum testosterone-estradiol binding globulin and total testosterone were measured in 2 groups of male controls (less than 50 and more than 64 yr old) and in 7 groups of prostatic cancer patients treated with varoius endocrine manipulation procedures, including orchiectomy, and estramustine phosphate and diethylstilbestrol therapy. There were 133 individuals studied. Total serum testosterone levels were significantly higher in the younger vs. the older control group, and testosterone-estradiol binding globulin levels were significantly higher in the older men. Whereas orchiectomy reduced serum testosterone to low concentrations (72 .+-. 11 ng/100 ml) testosterone-estradiol binding globulin levels were not altered. Estramustine phosphate and diethylstilbestrol therapy, when administered to intact or castrated patients, resulted in depressed testosterone markedly elevated testosterone-estradiol binding globulin serum levels, particularly in patients receiving estramustine phosphate (less than 35 ng/100 ml and more than 6 .mu.g per 100 ml, respectively). Diethylstilbestrol or estramustine phosphate therapy is significantly more effective than orchiectomy in eliciting a concomitant elevation of testosterone-estradiol binding globulin and a depression of total testosterone. Even though free serum testosterone was not measured, the law of mass action would indicate that in patients with high testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (more than 5 .mu.g/100 ml) and low total testosterone levels (less than 80 ng/100 ml), the availability of biologically active (unbound steroid) testosterone would be negligible.