Acid Formation and Acidity Control in the Stomach

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Abstract
Formation of gastric acid depends on aerobic metabolic processes although glycolysis may contribute to a small extent. It probably involves some reaction of the respiratory chain. The molar ratio H+/O2 does not exceed 4. Electromotive force in gastric mucosa probably requires the mediation of energy-rich phosphates but is too small to be the immediate source of energy for gastric secretion. The role of different enzyme systems is discussed as well as the validity of several theories (especially the redox theory) of gastric acid formation. Although the chloride ions seem to be actively secreted, they cannot be responsible for the essential part of the acid formation. Acid is secreted in a plasm-isotonic concentration which is secondarily suppressed by different mechanisms among which a diffusion-like process across the gastric mucosa is the predominating one in a histamine-stimulated stomach. The relations between the acidity and different inorganic components and volume secretion rate can be explained in a satisfactory manner by diffusion processes.

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