Effect of environmental factors on PCR-DNA analysis from dental pulp

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Abstract
This study was designed to observe the results of DNA typing on teeth subjected to aging, different temperatures and various environmental factors. A total of 570 teeth were studied. The study included the analysis of the PCR-based polymorphisms HLA DQA1, D1S80, HUMTH01, HUMFES/FPS and the XY homologous gene amelogenin. In general the best results were obtained with the XY homologous gene amelogenin, followed by the two STRs studied (HUMTH01 and HUMFES/FPS). The small fragment sizes and the method of detection used after PCR amplification are the main factors explaining this fact. In general, teeth submerged in water gave the poorest results. Teeth exposed to outdoor conditions provided better results than teeth buried in sand or soil, but even in these cases good results were obtained. Up to 4°C, temperature had only a slight influence on the results. Positive results were obtained in most cases at high temperatures (400°C for 2 min) which are rarely reached in practical casework. Positive typing results for the XY homologous gene amelogenin and the STRs were obtained from teeth 10–30 years old. The usefulness of dental pulp for identification purposes is exemplified in some actual cases.