Proteasome-Mediated Degradation of RNase L in Response to Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate (PMA) Treatment of Mouse L929 Cells

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Abstract
2′-5′ Oligoadenylate (2-5A)-dependent RNase L is one of the key enzymes involved in the molecular mechanisms of interferon (IFN) function. Although the regulation of RNase L by 2-5A has been studied extensively, relatively little is known about how RNase L is controlled by posttranslational processes. Here, we report that phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) treatment of mouse L929 fibroblasts caused rapid degradation of RNase L in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. RNase L levels were decreased to 40% of control levels after only 5 min exposure of cells to PMA, suggesting the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC). After PMA treatment for 1 h, RNase L levels decreased to 18% of the pretreatment levels. Decay of RNase L was measured by 2-5A binding assay, ribonuclease activity, and protein levels in Western blots probed with antibody to murine RNase L. PMA treatment caused decreases in the levels of RNase L in both cytoplasm and nucleus. To explore the mechanism of RNase L degradation, we treated cells with the selective proteasome inhibitors, ALLN, MG132, and PSI, prior to PMA treatment. These inhibitors completely blocked the degradation of RNase L caused by PMA. Our results show a novel regulatory pathway for RNase L that could have an impact on its antitumor and antiviral functions.