Agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenic purpura following measles infection in a living‐related orthotopic liver transplantation recipient

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Abstract
Agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenic purpura occurred simultaneously following measles infection in a 2‐year‐old girl who had received a living‐related orthotopic liver transplantation. Neutrophil and platelet counts rose to more than 0.5 × 103/mm3 and 30 × 103/mm3, respectively, 8 weeks after the onset of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, and within 2 weeks from the start of subcutaneous injection of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor. Simultaneous occurrence of measles infection, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia has not been described before in the literature. An autoimmune mechanism was suspected because serum levels of platelet‐associated immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti‐neutrophil antibody were elevated during the acute phase.