New species of Polycavernosa Chang & Xia (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) from the western Pacific

Abstract
Four new species of Polycavernosa (Gracilariaceae) are described from the Western Pacific: P. changii from Malaysia and Thailand: P. divergens from the Philippines; P. fisheri from Thailand; P. subtilis from Malaysia. Hydropuntia urvillei Montagne, originally described from the Torres Strait, has been examined and found to be a species of Polycavernosa [P. urvillei comb. nov.]. The taxa are placed in Polycavernosa on the basis of clustered spermatangial cavities in which spermatangial mother cells produce internal spermatangia within the inner cortex or outer medulla, but species are distinguished mainly on internal features of the cystocarp. The arrangement of the mature pericarp cells has also been found to be a useful specific character. Protoplasts of cells of the pericarp form ovals or star shapes, and several kinds of cells may make up the tissue, with differing lengths of secondary pit connections within thin or thick cell walls. An expanded description of Polycavernosa fastigiata Change and Xia, the type species of the genus, is provided.

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