Crystallographic characterization by X‐ray diffraction of the M‐intermediate from the photo‐cycle of bacteriorhodopsin at room temperature

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Abstract
The structure of the M-intermediate appearing in the photo-cycle of bacteriorhodopsin was studied with X-ray diffraction techniques at room temperature. The lifetime of the M-intermediate was prolonged by treatment with an arginine solution at alkaline pH (Nakasako et al.,FEBS Lett. 254, 211–214). The diffraction profile of membranes which had accumulated the M-intermediate had small but significant differences in the intensities of Bragg reflections and the lattice constant in comparison with that of membranes havingtrans-bacteriorhodopsin. Diffraction intensities were carefully evaluated and the structural changes during the formation of the intermediate were evaluated with difference Fourier analysis. We could find structural changes around helices G and B