The ultrastructure of the spermatheca of Biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda, pulmonata)

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Abstract
A study of the ultrastructure of the spermatheca of virgin freshwater snails Biomphalaria glabrata, kept in isolation since hatching, and in freely mating individuals maintained in colonies, shows that the spermatheca, an accessory organ of the female genital tract of pulmonate snails, is a pear‐shaped blind pocket, lined with a single‐layered columnar epithelium, surrounded by a thin muscle and pigmented connective. The apex of each epithelial cell may be ciliated, whereas the basis lies on a thick basement membrane. In virgin snails the spermatheca is smaller, its lumen contains a gelatinous, amorphous material; the apex of the epithelial cells contains many mitochondria but few granules. The nucleus appears in the basal third of the cell, topped by the Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum elements. In snails which have mated, the spermatheca is swollen, with a somewhat distended lower epithelium; its lumen contains numerous spermatozoa, in various degrees of degradation, which increases with the passage of time after copulation. The apex of the epithelial cells becomes very rich in granules with varied content, including multivesicular bodies. The latter are apparently exocytosed. Pinocytosis occurs at the base of microvilli. Glycogen can be seen accumulating in some cells. Tubular structures, ca. 60 nm in diameter, arranged regularly within the endoplasmic reticulum elements, could occasionally be seen at the basal part of the epithelial cells. It is suggested that the multivesicular bodies may contain enzymes which are secreted to the lumen. The partially digested sperm material would then be absorbed by micropinocytosis, and further digested in the secondary phagosomes at the apical portion of the epithelium.