Percutaneous Transrenal Placement of Indwelling Ureteral Catheters

Abstract
Indwelling ureteral catheters can be used for long-term drainage of the upper urinary tract in the management of distal ureteral obstruction. Ureteral catheters cannot always be passed cystoscopically in a retrograde manner. It may be possible to place an indwelling ureteral catheter through a percutaneous nephrostomy in an antegrade fashion. This technique and exemplary patients are discussed.