In Vivo High Resolution MRI of the Calcaneus: Differences in Trabecular Structure in Osteoporosis Patients

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use high resolution (HR) magnetic resonance (MR) images of the calcaneus to investigate the trabecular structure of patients with and without osteoporotic hip fractures and to compare these techniques with bone mineral density (BMD) in differentiating fracture and nonfracture patients. Axial and sagittal HR MR images of the calcaneus were obtained in 50 females (23 postmenopausal patients with osteoporotic hip fractures and 27 postmenopausal controls). A three‐dimensional gradient–echo sequence was used with a slice thickness of 500 μm and in plane resolution of 195 × 195 μm. Texture analysis was performed using morphological features, analogous to standard histomorphometry and fractal dimension. Additionally, BMD measurements of the hip (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry) were obtained in all patients. Significant differences between both patient groups were obtained using morphological parameters and fractal dimension as well as hip BMD (p < 0.05). Odds ratios for the texture parameters apparent (app.) bone volume/total volume and app. trabecular separation were higher than for hip BMD. Receiver operator characteristic values of texture measures and hip BMD were comparable. In conclusion, trabecular structure measures derived from HR MR images of the calcaneus can differentiate between postmenopausal women with and without osteoporotic hip fractures.