Ltposome-Encapsulated Hemoglobin as an Artificial Red Blood Cell: Characterization and Scale-Up

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Abstract
Encapsulation methods using high pressure extrusion and homogenization were developed which produce hemoglobin-containing liposomes, approximately one micron or less in diameter with an oxygen-carrying capacity of more than half that of red blood cells (RBCs). These methods were developed for scaling-up liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) production. Previously, the lack of adequate scale-up methods has been a serious barrier to full scale efficacy and toxicity testing for all the researchers engaged in such investigations. The scale-up methods and characterization of the resulting LEH preparations are presented.