A dual mechanism for low‐stress hemolysis in laminar blood flow

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Abstract
Human blood is sheared in cone‐and‐plate and parallel‐plate rotational viscometers, the latter with variable plate spacings h. Plasma is analyzed for hemoglobin and LDH content before and after shearing to determine the extent of shear‐induced blood damage within the low‐stress regime (stress ⩽ 13 Pa). Geometrical variations in the test apparatus can be accommodated by correlating blood damage with the radially‐averaged shear rate. Data on expired blood are shown to imply that much of the damage arises in the bulk fluid, with a smaller contribution from surface effects. Models are proposed to explain these results, obtained over a shear rate range to 5,000 s−1; parallel‐plate platen separation is 0.25 < h < 1.00 mm, cone‐and‐plate angle is 0.5°, and both systems have platens 100 mm in diameter.
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