Heterogeneity of the vanA gene cluster in clinical isolates of enterococci from the northeastern United States

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Abstract
In several strains of Enterococcus faecium isolated in Europe, the cluster of genes encoding high-level resistance to vancomycin (VanA phenotype) resides on a 10.85-kb transposon, Tn1546, or closely related elements. To determine whether Tn1546 was conserved in recent enterococcal isolates from the northeastern United States, seven strains were compared by restriction mapping and DNA hybridization with probes from within the van cluster. Two of the seven strains contained intact Tn1546-like sequences; however, in five of the strains, the organization of the van cluster differed from that of Tn1546. Three of the five strains with variations harbored a novel DNA segment within the van gene cluster. This 1,496-bp segment was similar to IS1165 of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and IS1181 of Staphylococcus aureus and was flanked by 24- and 23-bp imperfect inverted repeats and 8-bp direct repeats. On the basis of these findings, we propose that this element comprises a novel insertion-like sequence, IS1251. Multiple copies of IS1251 were also present at other sites in both resistant and susceptible clinical isolates. Our findings suggest that the van cluster in recent isolates from the northeastern United States differs from that present in the early European VanA phenotype strains.