High-Temperature Superfluidity of Fermionic Atoms in Optical Lattices

Fermionic atoms confined in a potential created by standing wave light can undergo a phase transition to a superfluid state at a dramatically increased transition temperature. Depending upon carefully controlled parameters, a transition to a superfluid state of Cooper pairs, antiferromagnetic states or $d$-wave pairing states can be induced and probed under realistic experimental conditions. We describe an atomic physics experiment that can provide critical insight into the origin of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates.