Alcohol Use, Negative Mood States, and Menstrual Cycle Phases

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Abstract
The hypothesis that alcohol consumption patterns among normally menstrually cycling women would be influenced by increased negative mood states and phase of the menstural cycle was investigated. A time-series, within-groups design was used to allow for comparisons among normally cycling women, women maintained on oral contraceptives and men. Adults (32) recorded daily estimates of ongoing behaviors in the areas mentioned for 2 menstrual cycles or equivalent periods. Radioimmunoassay and temperature data were used to confirm ovulation and to define ovulatory, premenstrual and menstrual phases. Estimates of anxiety, depression and hostility were highly intercorrelated, but negative moods were not significantly related to frequency/amount of alcohol consumption. Normally cycling women reported significantly more negative moods, more frequent drinking to relieve tension/depression and more frequent solitary drinking at menstruation. These relationships were not observed among oral contraceptive women or men. Collected among psychologically robust, working subjects of high intelligence, these data provide estimates of baseline functioning for future studies exploring the progression of pathological alcohol use patterns among women.