Cell cycle-dependent regulation of RNA polymerase I transcription: The nucleolar transcription factor UBF is inactive in mitosis and early G 1

Publisher Website
Google Scholar
Abstract
Transcription of ribosomal RNA genes by RNA polymerase (pol) I oscillates during the cell cycle, being maximal in S and G 2 phase, repressed during mitosis, and gradually recovering during G 1 progression. We have shown that transcription initiation factor (TIF)-IB/SL1 is inactivated during mitosis by cdc2/cyclin B-directed phosphorylation of TAF I 110. In this study, we have monitored reactivation of transcription after exit from mitosis. We demonstrate that the pol I factor UBF is also inactivated by phosphorylation but recovers with different kinetics than TIF-IB/SL1. Whereas TIF-IB/SL1 activity is rapidly regained on entry into G 1 , UBF is reactivated later in G 1 , concomitant with the onset of pol I transcription. Repression of pol I transcription in mitosis and early G 1 can be reproduced with either extracts from cells synchronized in M or G 1 phase or with purified TIF-IB/SL1 and UBF isolated in the presence of phosphatase inhibitors. The results suggest that two basal transcription factors, e.g., TIF-IB/SL1 and UBF, are inactivated at mitosis and reactivated by dephosphorylation at the exit from mitosis and during G 1 progression, respectively.