15-Cis-?-carotene found in the reaction center of spinach Photosystem I

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Abstract
β-Carotene was extracted from spinach Photosystem I reaction centers (one consisting of the Psa A, B, C, D and E subunits and the other consisting of the Psa A and B subunits alone), and the extract was subjected to high-pressure liquid chromatography using an apparatus equipped with a two-dimensional diode-array detector; all the procedures were performed at ≈ 4 °C in complete darkness. Both 15-cis and all-trans-β-carotene were identified in the extract by means of electronic absorption spectroscopy. Thus, universal presence of 15-cis carotenoid in the reaction centers of purple photosynthetic bacteria and of spinach Photosystem I and Photosystem II has been shown.