Reduced 4f-5d electrostatic interaction of Tm2+ in SrCl2

Abstract
The visible absorption and emission spectra of Tm2+ in SrCl2 sharpen at low temperatures and exhibit marked vibronic structure. The 4f12 3H6 5deg excited states account for these transitions. The splitting of these states is almost entirely due to the 4f‐5d electrostatic interaction. For theory and experiment to agree, the free‐ion electrostatic interaction must be multiplied by 0.6. This suggests a strong nephelauxetic (cloud‐expanding) effect for the 5d electron on the divalent lathanides.