Dual-Electrode Electrochemical Detection for Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Fabricated Capillary Electrophoresis Microchips

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Abstract
The development of a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based (PDMS-based) microchip electrophoresis system employing dual-electrode electrochemical detection is described. This is the first report of dual-electrode electrochemical detection in a microchip format and of electrochemical detection on chips fabricated from PDMS. The device described in this paper consists of a top layer of PDMS containing the separation and injection channels and a bottom glass layer onto which gold detection electrodes have been deposited. The two layers form a tight reversible seal, eliminating the need for high-temperature bonding, which can be detrimental to electrode stability. The channels can also be temporarily removed for cleaning, significantly extending the lifetime of the chip. The performance of the chip was evaluated using catechol as a test compound. The response was linear from 10 to 500 μM with an LOD (S/N = 3) of 4 μM and a sensitivity of 45.9 pA/μM. Collection efficiencies for catechol ranged from 28.7 to 25.9% at field strengths between 200 and 400 V/cm. Dual-electrode detection in the series configuration was shown to be useful for the selective monitoring of species undergoing chemically reversible redox reactions and for peak identification in the electropherogram of an unresolved mixture.