Nature of the interaction forces associated with the concentration fluorescence quenching of Nd3+ in silicate glasses

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Abstract
The nature of the concentration fluorescence quenching of Nd3+ in silicate glasses, which is associated with the reaction Nd3+ (4F3/2) + Nd3+ (4I9/2) → 2Nd3+ (4I15/2), has been reinvestigated by monitoring the fluorescence intensity of Nd3+ at 1060 nm as a function of time. The experimental decay curves were compared with theoretical ones, based upon dipole‐dipole, dipole‐quadrupole, and quadrupole‐quadrupole interactions. The latter two interaction models appear to predominate in deexciting Nd3+. Their relative contributions depend upon the [Nd3+]. At higher [Nd3+], rare‐earth ions having another Nd3+ ion as a nearest neighbor, namely ion ``pairs,'' may give rise to possible contribution of exchange interactions through a rapid electronic excitation energy migration from an excited Nd3+ ion to such pairs.

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