Manganese toxicity alleviated by mycorrhizae in soybean

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Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants nodulated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Nitragin strain 61A118, were grown with or without the vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe in pot cultures in soil high (40.4 μg/g) in available Mn. Leaves of the nonVAM plants showed severe symptoms of Mn toxicity and had toxic (314 μg/g) concentrations of Mn in the foliage. NonVAM plants had significantly lower dry weights and nodule mass than VAM plants. Concentrations of Mn in the VAM plants were significantly (Pper se which alleviated Mn toxicity. We suggest that the significantly higher levels of Mn in the leaves (P2 and chelating the resulting Mn2∗ for facilitated absorption.