Current versus Light-Output Characteristics with No Definite Threshold in pnpn Vertical to Surface Transmission Electro-Photonic Devices with a Vertical Cavity

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Abstract
We demonstrate surface-emitting laser operation in pnpn structure vertical to surface transmission electro-photonic devices (VSTEPs) with a vertical cavity, i.e., VC-VSTEPs. Continuous-wave (cw) laser operation at room temperature is achieved with a VC-VSTEP mounted directly on a glass sheet with no heat sink. The threshold current is 3 mA for a 10 µm square device. In pulsed operation, this device shows current vs light-output characteristics with no definite threshold. The light output spectrum shows single mode operation in which the spectral width is the same value as the resolution of a spectrometer.