Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of Simultaneous Right and Left Atrial Epicardial Pacing for Prevention of Post–Open Heart Surgery Atrial Fibrillation

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Abstract
Background —The purpose of this study was to assess simultaneous right and left atrial pacing as prophylaxis for postoperative atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results —In a double-blind, randomized fashion, 118 patients who underwent open heart surgery were assigned to right atrial pacing at 45 bpm (RA-AAI; n=39), right atrial triggered pacing at a rate of ≥85 bpm (RA-AAT; n=38), or simultaneous right and left atrial triggered pacing at a rate of ≥85 bpm (Bi-AAT; n=41). Holter monitoring was performed for 4.8±1.4 days after surgery to assess for episodes of atrial fibrillation lasting >5 minutes. The prevalence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was significantly less in the patients randomized to biatrial AAT pacing when compared with the other 2 pacing regimens ( P =0.02). An episode of atrial fibrillation occurred in 4 (10%) of 41 patients in the Bi-AAT group compared with 11 (28%) of 39 patients in the RA-AAI group ( P =0.03 versus Bi-AAT) and 12 (32%) of 38 patients in the RA-AAT group ( P =0.01 versus Bi-AAT). There was no difference in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation between the right atrial AAI and AAT groups ( P =0.8). There was no significant difference among the 3 groups with regard to the number of postoperative hospital days (7.3±4.2 days), morbidity (5.1%), or mortality rate (2.5%). Conclusions —Simultaneous right and left atrial triggered pacing is well tolerated and significantly reduces the prevalence of post–open heart surgery atrial fibrillation.