Tinbergen-Type Central Place Systems

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Abstract
This paper considers Tinbergen's hierarchical flow model in a spatial context. The existence of city systems having consistent geometrical properties is shown to be compatible with his proposal. These city systems exhibit central place properties which differ from those of Christaller and Lösch. City populations are then generated through a formulation which reflects Tinbergen's logic and the early Beckmann model is shown to be a special case of this formulation. Finally, the urbanization ratio is delimited for this third class of central place systems.