Endurance Training in Middle-Aged Male Physicians

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Abstract
In brief: Vigorous exercise has been associated with reduced cardiovascular risk factors and a lower incidence of coronary heart disease. To determine the effects of endurance training on middle-aged men, a group that is at risk for heart disease, two groups of Physicians were surveyed: 1,269 runners (members of the American Medical Joggers Association who had been running at least 10 miles per week) and 683 nonrunners (members of the AMA). These groups were chosen because they are similar in age, sex, life-style, profession, socioeconomic position, and knowledge about health. Results showed that the runners had lower body weight and reduced cardiovascular risk factors, and that they smoked fewer cigarettes. However, prospective studies are needed to determine both the risks and benefits of endurance exercise.