Epiphytic bacteria: development of a method for determining respiring bacteria on leaves

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Abstract
A method was developed for studying the total numbers and the proportion of active bacteria on leaf surfaces. It involves staining gelatin impressions of leaves treated with an electron transport system indicator, 2‐(p‐iodophenyl)‐3‐(p‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐phenyl tetrazolium chloride (INT). The method is rapid, inexpensive and allows simultaneous observation of numbers, ecology and respiratory activity of epiphytic bacteria. The total numbers of epiphytic bacteria for four species of aquatic plants varied between 0.6 to 10.2 times 106/cm2. The proportion of active bacteria on leaves of aquatic plants ranged from 2.2 to 42.9%. The method was also applied to a comparison of surface fouling of glass slides and aquatic leaf surfaces, indicating significant differences in numbers of bacteria but little difference in the proportion active on the two surfaces.