Effects of chronic treatment with simvastatin on endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats

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Abstract
To investigate the effects of chronic treatment with simvastatin (SV) on endothelium-dependent relaxation and ouabain-induced contractions in aortic rings from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), comparing with normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY). After a 12-week period of administration of 1 or 2 mg/kg SV to SHR and WKY, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and vascular reactivity in endothelium-intact aortic rings were assessed. Relaxation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) in WKY remained unaltered, but in SHR treated with 1 mg/kg SV, enhanced ACh-induced relaxation (P < 0.05 versus untreated SHR) reached values observed in untreated WKY. The 2 mg/kg treatment also improved ACh relaxation (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 versus untreated SHR and WKY respectively). Inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase (COX) with indomethacin (INDO) improved ACh relaxation in SHR (P < 0.05) but not in WKY, independent of treatment with SV. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with NG -nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) abolished ACh relaxations in all cases (P < 0.001). The result was unaltered when combining INDO plus L-NOARG. SV treatment also decreased ouabain-induced contractions in endotheliumintact aortic rings from SHR, diminishing the percentage effect of contraction from 64.56 ± 2.95 (untreated SHR) to 26.98 ± 7.06 and 38.10 ± 8.21 (1 and 2 mg/kg treated SHR respectively). Response to ouabain in WKY was not significantly affected by SV treatment. Chronic treatment of SHR with SV improves endothelium-dependent ACh relaxation of the aortic rings, probably by an NO-involving mechanism more than by inhibiting contractile COX-derived factors. An improvement in endothelial modulation of ouabain-induced contractions was also observed after treatment with SV in SHR, which might be due to an inhibition of a calcium–sodium exchanger.