Computer simulation of winter leaching losses of nitrate from soils cropped with winter wheat

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Abstract
A computer simulation model was used to estimate the effects of season, site, sowing date, residual‐N after harvest, autumn‐N and field drains on winter losses of nitrate from soils growing winter wheat. The simulations were based on weather data between 1970–71 and 1983–84 and soil data from Rothamsted and Woburn. The residual‐N after harvest was predicted to have most effect on nitrate losses, followed by season and site. For the values of residual‐N and autumn‐applied fertilizer‐N tested, the predicted average nitrate‐N losses differed between seasons by up to 100 kg N ha‐1, and the nitrate‐N concentrations varied between 30 and 80 mg N l‐1.