Typing of heat-stable and heat-labile antigens of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by coagglutination

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Abstract
A coagglutination system was devised for typing heat-stable and heat-labile antigens of C. jejuni and C. coli. The use of protein A-positive Staphylococcus aureus cells carrying Campylobacter sp. serotype antibody and the treatment of Campylobacter sp. cells with DNase in the antigen suspension permitted rapid and specific coagglutination of rough (autoagglutinable) and smooth cultures. Cells of S. aureus were sensitized with Campylobacter sp. serotype antisera. Four to 5 types of sensitized S. aureus cells were pooled. A strain of Campylobacter sp. was first tested with the pools and then typed with the individual reagents of the reactive pool. Sixty-eight serotype strains tested blindly as unknowns were correctly typed according to their heat-stable or heat-labile antigens. The 2 most commonly used typing schemes which are based separately on the heat-stable or heat-labile antigens as assayed by passive hemagglutination and slide agglutination, respectively, can be utilized simultaneously in the coagglutination system for strain characterization. The coagglutination system is simple, yields results rapidly, conserves typing reagents and offers the flexibility of formulating the pools of reagents according to the experimental design or the prevalence of serotypes in a geographic location. It should be a practical system for the typing of Campylobacter spp. in public health or clinical laboratories.