Combining Computer Simulation with Physical Simulation: An Attempt to Validate Turf Runoff Models

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Abstract
Predicting the off-target movement of agrochemicals applied to turf is an essential component for assessing risk to aquatic environments. For surface transport, a fully validated model does not exist. Such a model is required to make cost effective risk assessments and regulatory evaluations. To address this deficiency, a turf model validation program is outlined in this paper. The effect of turf characteristics on the fate and movement of pesticides is presented followed by the discussion of the selection for a proper turf runoff model. The design and implementation of small plot runoff studies and their usefulness in model validation are discussed. The procedures of model calibration and model verification are explained for model validation purpose.