Mitochondrial Regulation of Calcium in the Avian Cochlear Nucleus

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Abstract
Mostafapour, Sam P., Edward A. Lachica, and Edwin W Rubel. Mitochondrial regulation of calcium in the avian choclear nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1928–1934, 1997. The role of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum in buffering [Ca2+]iin response to imposed calcium loads in neurons of the chick cochlear nucleus, nucleus magnocellularis (NM), was examined. Intracellular calcium concentrations were measured using fluorometric videomicroscopy. After depolarization with 125 mM KCl, NM neurons demonstrate an increase in [Ca2+]ithat returns to near-basal levels within 6 min. Addition of the protonophore carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) dissipated the mitochondrial membrane potential, as evidenced by increased fluorescence when cells were loaded with rhodamine-123. Two micromolar CCCP had minimal effect on baseline [Ca2+]i. However, 2 or 10 μM CCCP interfered with the ability of NM cells to buffer [Ca2+]iin response to KCl depolarization without significantly affecting peak [Ca2+]i. Oligomycin also interfered with postdepolarization regulation of [Ca2+]i, but blocked late (7–8 min postdepolarization) increases in [Ca2+]icaused by CCCP. Thapsigargin had no effect on baseline, peak, or postdepolarization [Ca2+]iin NM cells. These results suggest that normal mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis play an important role in buffering [Ca2+]iin response to imposed calcium loads in NM neurons. Furthermore, the endoplasmic reticulum does not appear to play a significant role in either of these processes. Thus increases in mitochondrial number and function noted in NM cells after deafferentation may represent an adaptive response to an increased cytosolic calcium load.