Observing the effects of learning1

Abstract
The effects of learning are typically observed in test situations, which need to be evaluated in terms of both construct and content validity. The model employed by information‐processing theories of learning and memory is proposed as a source of construct validity which provides a rationale for assessing the effects of several different phases of the learning‐memory process. As for content validity, the suggestion is made that criterion‐referenced measurement be achieved by precise analysis, description, and representation of the criterion through “job‐sample” testing, which would avoid the apparent narrowness of coverage of “domain‐referenced” item forms.

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