Measuring Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Tetanus Toxin, Diphtheria Toxin, and Pertussis Toxin with Single-Antigen Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays and a Bead-Based Multiplex Assay

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Abstract
Bead-based assay systems offer the possibility of measuring several specific antibodies in one sample simultaneously. This study evaluated a vaccine panel of a multianalyte system that measures antibodies to tetanus toxin, diphtheria toxin, and pertussis toxin (PT) from Bordetella pertussis. The antibody concentrations of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) to PT, tetanus toxin, and diphtheria toxin were measured in 123 serum pairs (total of 246 sera) from a vaccine study. The multianalyte bead assay was compared to a standardized in-house IgG- anti-PT enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of the German reference laboratory for bordetellae, as well as to various commercially available ELISAs for anti-PT IgG, anti-tetanus IgG, and anti-diphtheria IgG. The results of the multiplex assay regarding the antibodies against diphtheria toxin compared favorably with a regression coefficient of 0.938 for values obtained with an ELISA from the same manufacturer used as a reference. Similarly, antibodies to tetanus toxin showed a correlation of 0.910 between the reference ELISA and the multianalyte assay. A correlation coefficient of 0.905 was found when an "in-house" IgG anti-PT and the multiplex assay were compared. Compared to single ELISA systems from two other manufacturers, the multiplex assay performed similarly well or better. The multianalyte assay system was a robust system with fast and accurate results, analyzing three parameters simultaneously in one sample. The system was well suited to quantitatively determine relevant vaccine induced antibodies compared to in-house and commercially available single-antigen ELISA systems.