A microcapillary trap cartridge‐microcapillary high‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization emitter device capable of peptide tandem mass spectrometry at the attomole level on an ion trap mass spectrometer with automated routine operation

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Abstract
Reversed‐phase microcapillary chromatography (RP‐μLC) combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) is one of two prevailing techniques in proteomic analysis, the other being matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Despite the arguably better dynamic range obtainable with ESI, MALDI is increasingly popular due to ease of use, ruggedness and the ability to decouple separation from ionization. By contrast, in order to take advantage of the sensitivity and dynamic range afforded by the concentration‐dependent nature of ESI, it is directly coupled to separations that take place in small i.d. RP‐μLC columns. This gain in sensitivity often comes at a loss of ruggedness due to clogging of the small i.d. RP‐μLC columns, one result of which is limited sample throughput. Here we describe a combined μpre‐column‐μLC‐ESI device that is sensitive, rugged and modular in design allowing facile construction and troubleshooting. Due to low signal‐to‐noise as little as 1 attomole of a peptide can be selected by data‐dependent methods for collision‐induced dissociation. Importantly, the resulting tandem mass spectrum is of high enough quality to identify the peptide sequence by a database search against a complex database using SEQUEST. Finally, the device is demonstrated to be rugged as judged by >60 consecutive reversed‐phase μLC separations on complex peptide mixtures before chromatographic resolution is degraded. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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