Use of polymer films in amperometric biosensors

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Abstract
Different types of polymeric films implemented in various capacities in amperometric biosensor design are reviewed. Conducting and nonconductinzg polymer films and composite films are considered. Methods of film fabrication such as solvent casting, electropolymerization, and adsorption are presented. Film function, including prevention of interference and fouling problems, immobilization of the enzyme or active biocomponent, extension of linear range, or to address biocompatibility problems are described. The use of polymeric films as a medium to incorporate mediators, while an important function, is too vast for review here. The applications of polymer film‐modified biosensors for selected analytical determinations are also presented. This review focuses upon the use of polymer films in amperometric biosensors and emphasizes innovative biosensor designs and unique applications, and omits traditional free‐standing films unless they are coupled with new types of polymer films or used innovatively.